Load introduction factor

Symbol	n
Unit	-
Attribute-ID	vdi_2230_load_introduction_factor
Numeric ID	13005
Value Type	PMDouble

The load introduction factor n is used to convert a working load from its load introduction point to the individual bolt.

If factor n=1, the force application points are located directly below the bolt head and the nut; if n=0, the forces act at the same point between the head and the nut.

The following selections are available:

User specified: direct input (1≥n>0)

According to VDI2230: interpolation from Table 2, depending on the joint type SV, distance a_k, length l_A and the height h

a_k	distance between the edge of the preloading area and the force introduction point at the basic solid
l_A	length between basic solid and load introduction point in the connecting solid
h	height between head and nut, usually corresponds to the clamping length
d_W	outside diameter of the plane head bearing surface of the bolt
F_A	axial load
n	load introduction factor
l	length between load introduction points
l_k	clamping length

l_A/h	0.00				0.10				0.20				≥0.30
a_k/h	0.00	0.10	0.30	≥0.50	0.00	0.10	0.30	≥0.50	0.00	0.10	0.30	≥0.50	0.00	0.10	0.30	≥0.50
SV1	0.70	0.55	0.30	0.13	0.52	0.41	0.22	0.10	0.34	0.28	0.16	0.07	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.04
SV2	0.57	0.46	0.30	0.13	0.44	0.36	0.21	0.10	0.30	0.25	0.16	0.07	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.04
SV3	0.44	0.37	0.26	0.12	0.35	0.30	0.20	0.09	0.26	0.23	0.15	0.07	0.16	0.14	0.12	0.04
SV4	0.42	0.34	0.25	0.12	0.33	0.27	0.16	0.08	0.23	0.19	0.12	0.06	0.14	0.13	0.12	0.03
SV5	0.30	0.25	0.22	0.10	0.24	0.21	0.15	0.07	0.19	0.17	0.12	0.06	0.14	0.13	0.10	0.03
SV6	0.15	0.14	0.14	0.07	0.13	0.12	0.10	0.06	0.11	0.11	0.11	0.06	0.10	0.10	0.08	0.03

Table from: VDI 2230 Part 1, VDI Verlag Düsseldorf, 2015, p. 62, "Table 2. Load introduction factors n for joint types SV 1 to SV 6"